Grinding, Boring, Drilling, Wire Cutting and Other Machining Equipment
Grinding Machines
Types of Grinding Machines Compared to the previous types of machining equipment, the variety of grinding machines is even more abundant, with approximately 194 types according to a mechanical processing manual. They can be broadly categorized into: instrument grinding machines, external cylindrical grinding machines, internal cylindrical grinding machines, grinding wheel machines, coordinate grinding machines, guideway grinding machines, tool sharpening grinding machines, surface and end face grinding machines, crankshaft camshaft spline and roller grinding machines, tool grinding machines, superfinishing machines, internal honing machines, external cylindrical and other honing machines, polishing machines, belt polishing and grinding machine tools. Tool sharpening and grinding machine tools, indexable insert grinding machine tools, grinding machines, ball bearing raceway grinding machines, roller bearing raceway grinding machines, bearing race superfinishing machines, blade grinding machines, roller processing machine tools, steel ball processing machine tools, valve piston and piston ring grinding machines, automotive and tractor repair grinding machines, and many other types. Due to the extensive classification and application of grinding machines, many of which are specific equipment for certain industries, we will only provide a basic introduction to those grinding machines that are commonly used in the mechanical industry. In this article, we mainly select external cylindrical grinding machines and surface grinding machines for a brief explanation.
Machining Scope of Grinding Machines A. External Cylindrical Grinding Machines are primarily used for processing the external surfaces and shoulder end faces of cylindrical, conical, or other rotary bodies. Due to their good processing adaptability and precision, they are widely used in the processing of high-precision parts in mechanical processing, especially in the final finishing processes. They can not only ensure the geometric dimensions of the processed parts to the maximum extent but also achieve good surface finish requirements, making them one of the indispensable equipment in mechanical processing procedures. B. Surface Grinding Machines are mainly used for processing plane, step, side, and other surfaces of parts. They are also widely used in the mechanical industry, especially in the processing of high-precision parts' surfaces. Grinding machines are almost the only choice to ensure processing accuracy, which is why the use of surface grinding machines is a must-learn skill for most grinding operators. Even in some equipment assembly industries, the use of surface grinding machines is a standard skill for assembly personnel, as the grinding work for various adjustment pads during the assembly process relies on surface grinding machines.
Machining Accuracy of Grinding Machines A. The machining accuracy of external cylindrical grinding machines: Roundness and圆柱度: 0.003mm; Surface roughness: 0.32Ra/μm. B. The machining accuracy of surface grinding machines: Parallelism: 0.01/300mm; Surface roughness: 0.8Ra/μm. From the above machining accuracy, it is also very clear that compared to previous machining equipment such as lathes, milling machines, and planers, grinding machines can achieve higher form tolerance accuracy and surface roughness. Therefore, grinding machines are widely and commonly used in the finishing processes of many parts.
Boring Machines
Types of Boring Machines Compared to the previous types of machining equipment, boring machines are also a relatively niche type of machining equipment, with approximately 23 types according to a mechanical processing manual. They can be broadly categorized into: deep hole boring machines, coordinate boring machines, vertical boring machines, horizontal milling boring machines, precision boring machines, automotive and tractor repair boring machines, etc. Among them, the most common and widely used boring machine in our mechanical industry should be the coordinate boring machine. Below we will provide a brief introduction and analysis of some of the characteristics of the coordinate boring machine.
Machining Scope of Boring Machines There are various types of boring machines, and we will provide a brief introduction to the coordinate boring machine, from which you can learn about other types of boring machines by analogy. The coordinate boring machine is a precision machine tool with a precise coordinate positioning device, mainly used for boring holes with high requirements for size, shape, and positional accuracy. It can perform drilling, reaming, countersinking, slotting, milling, and can also carry out coordinate measurement, precision scaling, and scribing, with very broad and reliable processing characteristics.
However, with the vigorous development of CNC technology, especially the vigorous development of CNC vertical milling machines and CNC horizontal milling machines, boring machines, which were once the dominant equipment in hole system processing, are also at risk of being replaced. Of course, they also have an irreplaceable objective side, but no matter what equipment is phased out or developed, it is a progress for the mechanical processing industry, a progress in technology, a progress in process, and more importantly, a progress in our country's manufacturing industry.
Machining Accuracy of Boring Machines The hole diameter accuracy processed by coordinate boring machines is generally IT6-7 grade, and the surface roughness is 0.4-0.8Ra/μm. However, there is a significant disadvantage to boring machine processing, especially when processing cast iron parts, it can be very messy. Someone who looks clean and neat goes in, and comes out looking like a completely different person covered in dirt, giving a feeling of being unrecognizable after operating a boring machine. Therefore, based on the practical reasons of this processing link, the possibility of this equipment being replaced in the future is also increasing, because who doesn't care about their appearance? Even if many people don't have much to begin with, we still need to pretend that we do.
Drilling Machines
Types of Drilling Machines This is the most widely used machining equipment in the mechanical industry. Almost every mechanical processing factory will have at least one. If you don't have this piece of equipment, you can't even call yourself a processor. According to a mechanical processing manual, there are about 38 types, which can be broadly categorized into: coordinate boring drilling machines, deep hole drilling machines, radial drilling machines, bench drilling machines, vertical drilling machines, horizontal drilling machines, milling drilling machines, center hole drilling machines, etc. The most commonly used in our mechanical industry is the radial drilling machine, which is a standard configuration for our industry. Without this equipment, you basically can't do this industry, and that's why we will focus on introducing this type of drilling machine next.
Machining Scope of Drilling Machines We will mainly explain the radial drilling machine. For this machine tool, I have only one sentence here, which is to drill various types of holes. In addition to drilling, it can also achieve reaming, countersinking, tapping, and other processing procedures. However, it has a significant drawback, which is the low positional accuracy of the hole system. Therefore, for parts with high requirements for hole system positional accuracy, we usually do not choose drilling machines to achieve this.
Machining Accuracy of Drilling Machines Since there is basically no machining accuracy to speak of, it's just drilling a hole.
Wire Cutting Regarding wire cutting as a machining equipment, I haven't had much contact with it, so I don't have much accumulated experience, nor have I done much homework in this area. Therefore, its usage in the mechanical industry is somewhat limited. However, it has its unique value, especially for the cutting and processing of some special-shaped parts, where it still has some relative advantages. But given its low processing efficiency and the vigorous development of laser machines, wire cutting equipment is also gradually on the edge of being phased out of the industry.
